Quiz

1. The fossil records as well as the features of each organism provides evidence for evolution from the Mesoychid (55mya) to the Ambulocctus (52mya) to the Rodhocetus(46mya) and eventually to the Basilosaurus(42mya). Each organism shows different transitional features from one era to the next. In this case the organism went from being a land animal to aquatic animal. The physical features clearly show the homology (4 limbs: 1 bone, 2 bone, a lot of blobs. & tail) in each stage of evolution.

2. E) NORTH AMERICA

3. The dragonfly, the bird, and the bat all have the ability to fly. The structure for of the limbs for the bird and the bat are homologous, proving both to have evolved from a common ancestor. The dragonfly does not share this homologous structure, proving it descended from a different ancestral lineage. All three organisms are lightweight and are able to take flight.

4. By comparing the similarities and differences between the genetic code of different organisms, we were able to examine how closely related each organism was to one another. Comparing the amino acids, we were able to decipher the evolutionary similarities and concluding that many organisms may have evolved from the same ancestor.

5. Homology is a similar structure with a similar purpose (such as the limb). Homology can be used to trace evolution. Dr. Shubin proved the Tiktaalik was the missing link between aquatic and terrestrial beings. He was able to to look at the homology of the Tiktaalik and compare it to land and aquatic animals.

Your Inner Fish

The Tiktaalik was a crucial discovery to the theory of how water animals evolved into land animals. It is the transitional phase/intermediate for when water animals slowly evolved to become land animals. The Tiktaalik had features that would help it survive in both land and water.
Land features: limbs that allowed it to do push ups, eyes on the top of the head instead of the side, flat head instead of vertical head of fsih.
Water features: scales, fins

Homology: similar bone structure for similar functions. For example: 1 bone, 2 bones, a lot of blobs. <---this structure is the base (for the limb) throughout many different animals as they evolved.

Conditions best suited to find fossils:
-deserts
-sedimentary rocks
-correct exposure to the surface

Jarell's Ipod was Stolen by Jose

To find out who stole Jarell's iPod, we did a series of tests on different samples of foods taken from the scene of the crime and tested it to see if it matched up with any of Jarell's co-worker's lunches. We tested each food for glucose, starch, protein, and lipid. Turns out Jose's food samples matched the ones take from dry & liquid part of Jarell's evidence.

lipid test

using benedict to look for traces of glucose

lipid test: positive

biuret test for protein. lavender is positive

iodine test for starch. black is positive

Isomers

Some stuff :p

HI MR. QUICK !

Hydroxyl
             -OH (alcohols)
             Polar (electronegative O)
             Attracts water & dissolve organic compounds
Carbonyl
             C & O
Amino
             N & H
Sulfhydryl
             S & H
Phosphate
            O & P

Macromolecules

Macromolecules
-------------------


Condensation Reaction
   monomers join to make polymer
   -OH & -H join to make water

Depolymerization
   water molecules react with polymer to release monomer
   H2O split into -OH & -H

Dehydration: Water leaves
Hydrolysis: Water comes

Disaccharides
   Sucrose: Plants make by joining glucose & fructose. Fuel
   Lactose: Diary. Broken down into glucose & galactose
   Maltose: Beer. Broken down from starch (malthing). Yeast can break it down into glucose

Polysaccharides
   Storage
      Plants - Starch: found in choloroplast. compact grains w/energy. where plants make sugar by         photosynthesis
      Anmals - Glycogen: cells between other cell parts. compact grains w/energy.
   Structural
      Plant - Cellulose: cell wall. stiffens wall.
      Animal - chitin

Lipids: Energy storing. 2x as much storage as carb
Saturated Fats: solid. no double bonds
               

House Case #1

We learned how to analyze medical cases which was very interesting. :).

House Case #1:

Symptons: vomit, headache, confusion
Allergies: UNKNOWN
Medicine Taken: N/A
Past History of Similar Events: N/A
Last Meal: Lunch. 3 gallons of water
Events Leading Up: cross country practice

18 year old male
cross country runner

My Guess/Diagnosis:
dehydration
heat stroke
exhaustion
migraine
over hydration
heat exhaustion
sleep deprivation

I did not realize how complex the procedures are for doctors to make a diagnosis. Many symptoms point to a wide variety of different diagnoses. A doctor must be careful, observant, and attentive in order to pin point the problem and give the most efficient tests.

Cube Lab & Glucose Lab

Sodium goes pink :) & Glucose goes wa-bam!

Strip turns brown when glucose is detected 

diffusion and cell size

glucose diffused into cell

before the action

Part 4: Vitamin Water = HYPERTONIC ACTION YO

HYPERTONIC ACTION YO!
     The water concentration is greater on the inside of the vitamin water cell, while the color solution concentration is higer on the outside. The cell is hypertonic and the color solution is hypotonic. The vitamin water diffuses out of the cell.

preparing vitamin water cells :)

after the cells have been sitting in the colored solutions. they're all crinkly now

Lucy :)

Part 2 & Part 4 of diffusion & osmosis lab

Yay! so pretty :)

Diffusion and Osmosis Labs

Diffusion
     -Molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration
     -Movement by molecular motion
     -Trying to get equality
Osmosis
     -A type of diffusion
     -Transport of water
     -Selectively allows passage of certain types of molecules while restricting movement of other.

Part 2:
     Lucy and I created 6 "cells" from dialysis tubing, filled them with color solution of different molars, and let them sit in distilled water in order to test the movement of water from a higher concentration to lower concentration.
     We were able to observe osmosis through the percent of change of the mass of each cell.

 

H2O

Water

Water is continuously recycled on Earth. In the water cycle, water evaporates/escapes from the Earth's surface, forms clouds, and fall back to the surface as precipitation

Water is:
    tasteless
    odorless
    transparent
         -sunlight can pass through -> life is able to be sustained in water
   
Water molecules:
    consists of 1 atom of oxygen & 2 of hydrogen (H2O)
    polar
         -Nucleus of oxygen atom attracts electrons much more strongly than the hydrogen nuclei. This              creates a negative electrical charge near the oxygen atom and a positive electrical charge near the            hydrogen atoms.
    can form hydrogen bonds
        -cohesion: ability of water molecules to be able to bond with each other
        -adhesion: ability of water molecules to attach to a surface

Properties that facilitate an environment for life
         -cohesive behavior
         -ability to moderate temperature
         -expansion upon freezing
         -versatility as a solvent

Ice
    lower density than water
         -expands upon freezing
         -floats in water
         -hydrogen bonds line up less efficiently in ice than liquid water
       
Solutions
    effective solvent because it readily forms hydrogen bonds
   
Acids and Bases
     water is the solvent in solution called acids and bases
     solution has higher concentration of hydronium and lower pH than pure water = acid
     solution has lower concentration of hydronium ions and higher pH than pure water = base
     acid turns blue litmus paper red
     base = hydrogen ion acceptor
            accepts hydrogen ions from hydronium ions
     base turns red litmus paper blue
     acid - sour. stings/burns to touch
     base - bitter. slimy to touch. may also burn skin.

Pure water
    neutral
    dissociation of pure water into ions = 2H2O -> H30+    +   OH-
    hydronium ion and hydroxide ion

Liquid water
     hydrogen bonds constantly break & reform

Water
     essential part of most metabolic processes within organism.
     anabolic reaction  -  build up of molecules
     catabolic reaction   -  break down of molecule